Just a few changes to your diet could add years to your life, but the sooner you start the better.
Eating a healthy diet is important, but most people find this difficult to do daily. In a new study, researchers examined the effects of individual healthful and non-healthful types of foods and estimated the impact by age and sex of swapping some for others.
“Sustained change from a typical to an optimized diet from early age could translate into an increase in life expectancy of more than 10 years,” say the Norwegian scientists who conducted the study.
They developed an online tool that anyone can use to get an idea of how individual food choices can affect life expectancy.
The biggest overall impact comes from eating more plant-based foods (legumes), whole grains and nuts, and less red and processed meat. Fruits and vegetables also have a positive health impact, but on average people who eat a typical Western diet are already consuming those in relatively high amounts. Fish is also included on the healthful list, whereas sugar-sweetened beverages (sodas) and foods based on refined [white] grains, such as white bread, are among those to be avoided.
The study also found that although it’s never too late to start, young adults can expect to see more years gained by adopting healthful eating than would older adults.
“Our results indicate that for individuals with a typical Western diet, sustained dietary changes at any age may give substantial health benefits, although the gains are the largest if changes start early in life,” say the researchers.
Depending how many healthy dietary “switches” are made and maintained and the amounts consumed, a 20-year-old man in the U.S. could extend his life up to 13 years, and a 20-year old woman by 11 years.
That number drops with age but changing from a typical diet to the optimized diet at age 60 years could still increase life expectancy by 8 years for women and 9 years for men, and even an 80-year-old female could gain more than three years with healthier food choices.
Until now, research in this area has shown health benefits associated with separate food group or specific diet patterns, while focusing less on the health impact of other diet changes. The statistical ‘modelling’ approach used in this study bridges that gap, the researchers say.
“Understanding the relative health potential of different food groups could enable people to make feasible and significant health gains,” they conclude.
SOURCES:
Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: “What Is Magnesium?” “Eat Right for Endurance Sports.”
American Heart Association: “Eat More Chicken, Fish and Beans.”
Cleveland Clinic: “Heart Healthy Benefits of Chocolate.”
Harvard Health Publications: “Carbohydrates and Blood Sugar,” “Omega-3 Fatty Acids: An Essential Contribution,” “4 ways to boost your energy naturally with breakfast,” “Eating to boost energy.”
Journal of the American College of Nutrition: “Short-term effect of eggs on satiety in overweight and obese subjects.”
National Institute on Aging: “Important Nutrients to Know: Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Fats.”
Neural Regeneration Research: “Neuroprotective effects of berry fruits on neurodegenerative diseases.”
NIH Office of Dietary Supplements: “Omega-3 Fatty Acids,” “Zinc,” “Magnesium,” “Vitamin B12.”
Nutrients: “Health Benefits of Nut Consumption,” “Low Calorie Beverage Consumption Is Associated with Energy and Nutrient Intakes and Diet Quality in British Adults.”
PLOS Medicine, published online February 8, 2022.
The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society: “Eggs: good or bad?”
UCLA Explore Integrative Medicine: “Eat Right, Drink Well, Stress Less: Stress-Reducing Foods, Herbal Supplements, and Teas.”
USDA National Nutrient Database.
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